Home/Enclosure DesignCH 02

Ported Box Calculator

Design a bass-reflex enclosure: set volume and tuning, get port dimensions, F3, port air speed, response and cone-excursion curves.

Inputs

Quick presets
Driver
L
Hz
Enclosure
2.83 ft³
L
Hz
Port
Port shape
3.94 in
cm
Port ends
For air-speed check
cm²
mm
Port length
21.3cm
8.37 in
F3 (−3 dB)
27.2Hz
Port area
79cm²
12.2 in²
Port air speed
18.6m/s
Mach 0.054
!
Port air speed is above 17 m/s at full excursion: acceptable for casual use, but may chuff at maximum volume.
Frequency response (anechoic, 2.83 V)
-24-18-12-606102050100200FREQUENCY (HZ)DB−3 dBFb 32.0F3 27.2
Ported responsetouch / hover graph to read values
Relative cone excursion (0 dB = excursion at very low frequencies)
-30-24-18-12-60612102050100200FREQUENCY (HZ)DBFb: minimum excursion
Cone excursiontouch / hover graph to read values
port lengthVb (ported)air ⇄side cross-section · front baffle on the left
Port displaces ≈ 1.67 L → build gross box ≈ 81.7 L (before driver & bracing)

How it works

A ported (bass-reflex) box adds a tuned air column, the port, to the enclosure. The air in the port and the air in the box behave like a Helmholtz resonator: a mass (port air) bouncing on a spring (box air). At the tuning frequency Fb the port output reinforces the cone, giving extra output but dropping off at 24 dB/octave below it.

Fb   = (c / 2π) · √( Sv / (Vb · Leff) )
Leff = Lv + k · Dv        (k ≈ 0.73 for one flared end)
Lv   = (c² · Sv) / (4π² · Fb² · Vb) − k · Dv

The response is computed with the full 4th-order Thiele/Small vented-box transfer function (lossless approximation). The excursion graph is just as important as the response: below Fb the port stops loading the cone and it flaps freely, an infrasonic filter is wise on ported systems.

Port air speed is estimated from peak cone displacement: v = 2π·Fb·Sd·Xmax / Sv. Beyond ~17 m/s (≈ Mach 0.05) ports start to chuff and compress; under 10 m/s is very safe. Fix it with a bigger port or more ports, which makes them longer.

The “auto-fill” button uses a quasi-third-order (QB3) rule of thumb: Vb ≈ 15·Qts^2.87·Vas and Fb ≈ 0.42·Fs·Qts^−0.96. Remember to add the volume taken up by the port itself to the gross size of the box.

Port length
21.3cm
F3
27.2Hz
Air speed
19m/s